What disease is myocardial infarction?
Myocardial infarction, also known as myocardial infarction, is a serious cardiovascular disease usually caused by sudden interruption of coronary blood flow, resulting in myocardial ischemia, hypoxia and even necrosis. In recent years, with the accelerated pace of life and the increase in bad living habits, the incidence of myocardial infarction has increased year by year, becoming one of the important diseases threatening human health. This article will combine the hot topics and hot content on the Internet in the past 10 days to introduce the relevant knowledge of myocardial infarction in a structured way.
1. Causes and risk factors of myocardial infarction
The main cause of myocardial infarction is coronary atherosclerosis, which causes narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. The following are common risk factors:
| risk factors | Description |
|---|---|
| high blood pressure | Long-term hypertension can damage vascular endothelium and accelerate atherosclerosis |
| Hyperlipidemia | Cholesterol deposits on blood vessel walls, forming plaque |
| diabetes | Poor blood sugar control can damage blood vessels |
| smoking | Harmful substances such as nicotine directly damage blood vessels |
| Obesity | Increase the burden on the heart and induce metabolic disorders |
| lack of exercise | Resulting in poor blood circulation and slowed metabolism |
| genetic factors | People with a family history of cardiovascular disease are at higher risk |
2. Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction
The clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction are diverse. The following are common symptoms:
| Symptoms | Features |
|---|---|
| chest pain | Squeezing pain, often lasting more than 15 minutes |
| Radiating pain | The pain can radiate to the left shoulder, left arm, jaw and other parts of the body |
| difficulty breathing | Pulmonary circulation congestion due to myocardial ischemia |
| Cold sweat | Profuse cold sweat, clammy skin |
| Nausea and vomiting | Caused by vagus nerve stimulation |
| Palpitations | Irregular or fast heartbeat |
3. Diagnostic Methods of Myocardial Infarction
Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial to the treatment of myocardial infarction. The following are commonly used diagnostic methods:
| diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram (ECG) | Shows characteristic changes such as ST segment elevation or depression |
| Myocardial enzyme test | Detect elevated levels of troponin, CK-MB and other indicators |
| coronary angiography | Direct observation of coronary artery stenosis or occlusion |
| Heart ultrasound | Assess cardiac structural and functional abnormalities |
| CT angiography | Non-invasive testing of coronary artery status |
4. Treatment methods for myocardial infarction
The treatment of myocardial infarction takes time. The following are the main treatments:
| Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Thrombolytic therapy | Use drugs to dissolve blood clots in the early stages of the disease |
| PCI surgery | Percutaneous coronary intervention, stent placement |
| CABG surgery | coronary artery bypass grafting, commonly known as bypass surgery |
| drug treatment | Including antiplatelets, anticoagulants, beta blockers, etc. |
| Rehabilitation | Including comprehensive measures such as sports rehabilitation and psychological rehabilitation |
5. Preventive measures for myocardial infarction
Prevention is better than cure. Here are some ways to effectively prevent myocardial infarction:
| Precautions | Specific content |
|---|---|
| healthy eating | Low salt, low fat, high fiber, eat more fruits and vegetables |
| regular exercise | At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week |
| control weight | Keep your BMI between 18.5-23.9 |
| Quit smoking and limit alcohol | Quit smoking completely. Men should drink no more than 25g of alcohol per day. |
| Regular physical examination | Monitor blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids and other indicators |
| manage stress | Learn relaxation techniques to maintain mental balance |
6. Recent hot topics about myocardial infarction
According to the popular content on the Internet in the past 10 days, the following are important topics related to myocardial infarction:
| hot topics | Main content |
|---|---|
| The incidence of myocardial infarction in young people is rising | The incidence rate is increasing among people aged 30-40 years old, which is related to staying up late and being stressed |
| AI-assisted diagnosis of myocardial infarction | Artificial intelligence technology improves early diagnosis accuracy |
| Risk of myocardial damage after COVID-19 | Coronavirus may increase risk of cardiovascular disease |
| Remote ECG monitoring technology | Wearable devices enable home heart health monitoring |
| New antiplatelet drugs | Reduce bleeding risk while maintaining antithrombotic effect |
Conclusion
Myocardial infarction is a serious and life-threatening disease, but with the advancement of medical technology, its diagnosis and treatment levels are constantly improving. Understanding the relevant knowledge about myocardial infarction and taking proactive preventive measures are crucial to reducing the risk of the disease. In particular, young people should pay more attention to heart health and avoid bad living habits. If you have suspected symptoms, you should seek medical treatment immediately to seek the best opportunity for treatment.
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